Opoku Boateng and Elliott Scott looking at ultrasound

Procedures

We offer advanced care for thyroid conditions including ultrasound-guided biopsies and minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation procedures.

Thyroid Biopsy (FNA)

A thyroid biopsy, also known as fine needle aspiration (FNA), is a quick, minimally invasive procedure used to collect cells from a thyroid nodule for diagnostic evaluation.

Procedure information
A thyroid biopsy is typically performed in the office while the patient is awake. During the procedure:
- Ultrasound guidance is used to locate the thyroid nodule
- A very thin needle is inserted to collect cells for evaluation
The procedure usually takes 5-10 minutes per nodule and is performed with numbing medication, though mild pressure may be felt. After the biopsy, a small bandage is applied, and any soreness can usually be managed with ice and over-the-counter pain medication.
Post-procedure information
After a thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA), most patients experience only mild soreness or bruising at the biopsy site, and serious complications such as bleeding or infection are rare. Results are typically available within several days after review by specialized cytopathologists, and patients may resume normal activities, including driving, as long as neck movement is comfortable.
In some cases:
- Biopsy results may be indeterminate, meaning the cells cannot be clearly classified as benign or malignant
- Molecular testing may be used to further assess cancer risk and guide next steps
Importantly, thyroid biopsy does not cause the spread of cancer, and advances in on-site evaluation and molecular analysis help reduce repeat procedures and unnecessary surgery.
Disease information
Thyroid nodules are abnormal lumps that develop within the thyroid gland and are commonly found during routine imaging or physical examination. Most thyroid nodules are benign and do not cause symptoms, though approximately 5-15% may be cancerous and require further evaluation.
Thyroid nodules can:
- Vary in size and appearance
- Affect thyroid function or surrounding structures
Proper assessment is important to determine whether monitoring or treatment is needed.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive, non-surgical option for treating benign thyroid nodules and may serve as an alternative to surgery for appropriate patients. With real-time ultrasound guidance, a thin electrode is placed into the thyroid nodule and delivers targeted heat to destroy abnormal tissue while protecting the surrounding thyroid.

Procedure information
On the day of your thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA), you will check in as usual and may be asked to take acetaminophen or ibuprofen beforehand. You will then be brought into the procedure room, where routine monitoring is applied and ultrasound is used to confirm the treatment area.
RFA is performed without an incision and uses local anesthetic, allowing you to remain awake and comfortable throughout the procedure. You may feel pressure or brief discomfort. Treatment generally lasts 30-60 minutes, depending on the size and number of nodules or lymph nodes treated.
After the procedure:
- A small bandage and ice pack are placed
- You are observed briefly
- You return home the same day with a companion
Post-procedure information
Recovery following thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is typically quick. Most patients can eat normally and resume usual activities right away, though mild soreness, swelling, or bruising may occur for a day or two and usually improves with ice and over-the-counter pain relievers.
Over time:
- Benign nodules typically begin shrinking within the first month
- Most size reduction occurs in the first few months, with continued improvement over time
- Some larger nodules may require additional treatment
Treated cancers or lymph nodes are monitored by a multidisciplinary care team to ensure appropriate long-term control.
Follow-up care often includes ultrasound imaging and/or blood tests at 1, 6, and 12 months. Thyroid function is usually maintained, and the need for thyroid hormone replacement after RFA is uncommon.
Disease information
Thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used to treat nodules that cause symptoms such as:
- Neck pressure or discomfort
- Difficulty swallowing
- Cosmetic concerns
RFA is most commonly performed for biopsy-confirmed benign, solid or mostly solid nodules. In select cases, it may also be used for autonomously functioning nodules. In limited situations, small thyroid cancers or recurrent lymph nodes may be considered when surgery is not an option, following careful review by a multidisciplinary team.

Procedures

Thyroid Biopsy (FNA)

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Post-procedure information Chevron Arrow

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